The cold isostatic pressing (CIP) forming process is adopted with a pressure range of 100-350 MPa. The resin removal and sintering processes are precisely controlled (prepared at 1600-1700°C, followed by densification treatment at 150-200 MPa and 1400-1600°C). Through precise machining processes, strict control is applied to the product’s surface finish (Ra: less than 0.01 microns) and dimensional tolerance (sphericity: 0.005 mm).

Using dry pressing (100–300 MPa) with precise debinding and sintering control, followed by precision machining to strictly ensure surface roughness (Ra: 0.01–0.8μm, controllable) and dimensional tolerances (parallelism: 0.005mm; flatness: 0.010mm).

Establishing a binder system with low viscosity, high fluidity, and high stability, adopting low-pressure/high-pressure injection molding (100–200 MPa), followed by precise debinding and sintering at 1500–1700 °C, and precision grinding and polishing processes to strictly control surface finish and tolerances.

Using dry pressing (100–300 MPa) with precise debinding and sintering control, followed by precision machining to strictly ensure surface roughness (Ra: 0.01–0.8μm, controllable) and dimensional tolerances (parallelism: 0.005mm; flatness: 0.010mm).

Manufactured by dry/wet cold isostatic pressing (100–350 MPa), with precise debinding and special sintering (1600–1700 °C), followed by precision machining to ensure strict control of surface roughness (Ra < 0.01 µm) and dimensional tolerance (cylindricity: 0.005 mm).